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道路桥梁施工中钢纤维混凝土技术应用分析
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国内外对钢纤维混凝土的研究
Domestic and foreign research on steel fiber concrete
关于钢纤维混凝土的研究已经有一段历史了，国内外学者的研究也在不断发展完善。1907年，原苏联专家就已经开始使用钢纤维混凝土；1910年美国的H.F.Porte就公布把短纤维分散渗入混凝土以强化基体材料的研究情况；到20世纪40年代，美、英、法、德、日等国先后公布了许多关于钢纤维混凝土方面的专利；1963年有两位专家共同发表了关于纤维间距理论的论文，使这种新型复合材料进入了实用开发阶段。
There has been a history of research on steel fiber concrete, and the research of scholars at home and abroad has been developing. In 1907, Soviet experts began using steel fiber concrete. In 1910, h.f.orte of the United States published research on the dispersal of short fibres into concrete to strengthen the matrix. By the 1940s, the United States, Britain, France, Germany and Japan had published many patents on the concrete of steel. In 1963 two experts jointly published a paper on the theory of spacing between fibers, which allowed the new composite material to enter the practical development stage.
我国从20世纪70年代才开始着手于对钢纤维混凝土的研究。1986和1988年先后举办了关于钢纤维混凝土在我国发展的会议；而且中国工程建设标准化协会曾制定过《钢纤维混凝土试验方法》，对我国钢纤维混凝土的研究起到了很好的指导作用，但是目前该标准已不再适用，需要对其进行修改。我国的钢纤维混凝土也有一定的发展，但是与发达国家相比还有很大的差距。
China has been working on the steel fiber concrete since the 1970s. In 1986 and 1988, there was a conference on the development of steel fiber concrete in China. And Chinese engineering construction standardization association has set the steel fiber reinforced concrete testing methods, the study of steel fiber reinforced concrete in our country has played a very good guidance, but now the standard is no longer applicable, need to be modified. There is a certain development of steel fiber concrete in our country, but there is a large gap compared to the developed countries.
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钢纤维混凝土的基本力学性能分析
Analysis of the basic mechanical properties of steel fiber concrete
2.1钢纤维混凝土的优越性能
Excellent performance of steel fiber concrete
2.1.1抗拉能力强
2.1.1 is strong in resistance
由于钢纤维混凝土中的短纤维是不规则、乱向分布的，可以阻止及减少混凝土内部裂缝的出现，因此有很好的抗拉性能。在纤维混凝土刚开始受到外力作用时，混凝土和纤维同时受力，共同承担外力作用，但是如果外力不断持续或增加，纤维便成了受力的主力，乱向分布的纤维会极大地阻碍裂缝的延伸。一般的钢纤维混凝土破坏的原因都是钢纤维被拉出，而不是被拉断。渗入1%～2%体积率范围钢纤维时，抗拉强度可以提高40%～80%，实现了以小见大的良好效果。另外，实验表明600～1000MPa的冷拔钢丝切断的钢纤维抗拉强度较高。
As the short fiber in the steel fiber reinforced concrete is irregular, disorderly to distribution, can prevent and reduce the occurrence of internal cracks, therefore has good tensile properties. In fiber concrete has just started by external force, concrete and fiber stress at the same time, the external force to share, but if the external force continuing or increasing, fiber has become the main force, disorderly to the distribution of fiber will greatly hinder the extension of cracks. The common cause of steel fiber concrete destruction is that the steel fibers are pulled out, not pulled. The strength of tensile strength can be increased by 40% ~ 80% when infiltrating 1% ~ 2% of steel fiber. In addition, the experiment showed that the steel fiber tensile strength of the steel fiber that was cut from the cold wire of 600-1000mpa was higher.
2.1.2黏结能力强
2.1.2 bonding ability
刚纤维一般表面粗糙，界面不规则，使得其与基体接触面积增大，从而摩擦力也相应增强，增加了机械黏结力。黏结强度越大，拔出钢纤维所需的能耗就越大，更能很好的保护建筑物。实验表明，截面为圆形且笔直的钢纤维黏性较差，反之，截面为不规则图形或者形状不笔直的钢纤维黏性较好。
The surface roughness of the surface of the surface of the fiber, the surface of the interface is irregular, so that the contact area of the base body is increased, and the friction is strengthened accordingly, increasing the mechanical bonding force. The larger the bonding strength, the more energy you need to pull out the fiber, and you will be able to protect the building. The experimental results show that the circular and straight steel fibers are less viscous, whereas the steel fibers with irregular shapes or irregular shapes are better.
2.1.3耐腐蚀性强
2.1.3 is highly corrosive
混合杂乱分布在钢纤维混凝土内部的钢纤维只要不让其与空气接触，一般不会发生锈蚀。实验表明，钢纤维在空气、污水、海水中都不容易被锈蚀。当把钢纤维放在海水和污水中5年后，其表面锈蚀程度小于5mm，在钢纤维混凝土表面或者是裂缝处的钢纤维受腐蚀的可能性较大。所以，建筑物会因钢纤维混凝土的耐腐蚀性而延长使用寿命，从而节省资源、能源。钢纤维的耐冻融性、耐热性和抗气蚀性都比较好，物理性能也得到了很大的提高。当在混凝土中掺入1.5%的钢纤维时，即使是对其进行高达150次的冻融操作，抗折和抗压强度也才下降20%。掺有钢纤维的耐火混凝土的抗热性也是极佳的，在极度高温下不会太过膨胀而断裂。所以，钢纤维混凝土的耐腐蚀性要比普通混凝土的抗腐蚀性优越得多。
The steel fibers that are mixed in the steel fiber concrete are usually not corroded, as long as they are not exposed to air. Experiments show that steel fibers are not easily corroded in air, sewage, and seawater. When the steel fiber in the water and wastewater for five years later, the surface corrosion degree is less than 5 mm, in the steel fiber reinforced concrete surface cracks or corrosion of steel fiber. Therefore, the building will prolong the service life due to corrosion resistance of steel fiber concrete, thereby saving resources and energy. The resistance of steel fiber, heat resistance and corrosion resistance are better, and the physical properties have been greatly improved. When added 1.5 percent of the steel fiber to the concrete, even if it was a 150 permafrost operation, the antifolding and compressive strength decreased by 20%. Refractory concrete with steel fiber is also excellent, and it will not expand too much in extreme heat. Therefore, the corrosion resistance of steel fiber concrete is far superior to that of ordinary concrete.
2.2钢纤维混凝土的不足之处
The deficiency of the steel fiber reinforced concrete
有研究资料表明，钢纤维对混凝土的抗压能力并没有明显提高，甚至还有所降低；而且，虽然钢纤维混凝土经济效益比较好，但是其在实际运用中用量较大，价格较高，这些不足都会影响钢纤维混凝土的推广及应用。就目前来看，单一纤维混凝土有着优越的特性，但也有变形大，不规则地掺入混凝土中，不利于提高混凝土的抗压、抗拉、抗弯、抗折能力[3]。所以，投入资金开展对混杂纤维混凝土和层布式钢纤维混凝土研究也应得到支持，从而达到混合使用，以长补短的效果。
Studies have shown that the steel fiber's ability to resist the concrete is not significantly improved, and even decreased. And, although the economic benefits of steel fiber reinforced concrete is better, but in practice the amount is larger, the price is higher, these weaknesses will affect the popularization and application of steel fiber reinforced concrete. For now, the single fiber concrete has superior features, but also has large deformation, irregularly mixed with concrete, is not conducive to improve the concrete compressive strength, tensile, bending, bending capacity [3]. So, money of hybrid fiber concrete and layer cloth type steel fiber reinforced concrete research should also be supported, so as to achieve mixed use, to long for short effect.
总之，不管是哪种结构形式的钢钎混凝土有优越特性的同时也都有应用局限性，还有待更进一步的研究和探讨，才能使其在道路桥梁的保护方面得到更广阔的发展和应用。
In short, whatever the structure form of steel reinforced concrete has superior properties as well as application has limitations, it remains to be further studied and discussed, to make it in the protection of the roads and Bridges to get more wide development and application.
